It is placed in group 1 of periodic table as it has a single electron in its outer most shell that it readily donates, creating a positively charged ion, the Na+ cation. Sodium has an atomic number of 1 and atomic mass of 22.98. Sodium is also found in the spectra of stars in both atomic and ionic forms, including the Sun, and the interstellar medium. Sodium is found in many minerals, including halite (highly soluble), Amphibole (less soluble), zeolite (less soluble), cryolite (insoluble) and feldspar (insoluble). It is never found as a pure element due to its high reactivity.
About 1.08×104 milligrams per liter of sodium is estimated to be present in ocean water in the form of brine.
The Earth’s crust contains around 2.27 % of sodium. Sodium is the seventh most abundant element and fifth most abundant metal on the earth. Its chemical abbreviation ‘Na’ was published in the system of atomic symbols in 1814 which is derived from its Latin name ‘natrium’. In 1809, Ludwig Wilhelm, a German physicist and chemist, proposed the name Natronium for it. The metal was first isolated in 1807, through the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide by Sir Humphry Davy. Sodium in the form of salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) and soda (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) have been known since prehistoric times The name of element originated from Arabic word ‘suda’ which means headache, as the association of sodium with headache was known in early times. Sodium is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals and is used in various industries. It was isolated for the first time in 1807 by Humphry Davy. Sodium is an alkali metal that has been known since prehistoric times.
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